By Ross Pelton, RPh, PhD, CCN
Scientific Director, Essential Formulas
Have you ever wondered why mosquitoes like you so much? Mosquitoes seem to be more attracted to some people than others. Our ever-expanding knowledge of the microbiome, probiotics and postbiotic metabolites is providing some interesting answers.
The bacteria on your skin determine how attractive you are to mosquitoes which means mosquitoes selectively target people based on their skin microbiome. Your skin microbiome refers to the bacteria that naturally reside in or on the human body. Our skin alone is home to over 1000 different species of bacteria. After puberty, the composition of our individual microbiome tends to stay relatively constant, even with continuous exposure to new bacteria in the surrounding environment.
Bacteria in the skin microbiome produce volatile postbiotic metabolites. These compounds, which are emitted into the air, are what attract a mosquito to an individual and determine a mosquito’s blood-host preference.i
Researchers identified individual bacteria species on people’s skin using species-specific RNA sequences, like using fingerprints to identify individual humans. Once the bacteria in a person’s skin microbiome had been determined, researchers found that the presence and abundance of certain species of bacteria correlated with a person’s attractiveness to mosquitoes. Interestingly, the combination of volatiles that are considered ‘attractive’ may differ based on the species of mosquito.
The skin is the largest organ in the human body and functions as a first line of defense by protecting against invading pathogens. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies have revealed that complex communities of bacteria reside in different areas on our bodies and scientists estimate that single square centimeter of your skin can contain up to one billion microorganisms.
Some skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis, are associated with an altered or unbalanced skin microbiome, which is referred to as skin dysbiosis. Current research is examining how specific probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotic metabolites may be used to treat skin diseases and promote skin health.
Although scientists have made progress discovering why the skin microbiome of some people seem to attract mosquitoes more than others, unfortunately there are not, at this time, any recommended solutions to the mosquito-attraction problem.
How to Prevent Mosquito Bites this Summer with Natural Repellents
1. Essential oils
Essential oils such as citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, and lavender contain compounds that repel mosquitoes naturally. One study published in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association found that citronella oil was as effective as DEET in repelling mosquitoes for up to two hours.
2. Garlic
Garlic contains compounds such as allicin released through the skin, making it difficult for mosquitoes to detect you. While there is limited research on the effectiveness of garlic as a mosquito repellent, a study published in the Journal of Vector Ecology found that garlic oil was effective in repelling mosquitoes for up to eight hours.
3. Neem oil
Neem oil is a natural insecticide and repellent. A study published in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association found that neem oil effectively repels mosquitoes for up to 12 hours.
4. Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid, which has been shown to repel mosquitoes. Mix equal parts of apple cider vinegar and water and apply it to your skin, and you will notice fewer mosquitoes landing on your skin.
5. Tea tree oil
Tea tree oil contains compounds such as terpinen-4-ol that repel mosquitoes. A study published in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association found that combining tea tree oil and lavender oil effectively repelled mosquitoes.
6. Citrus fruits
Rubbing citrus fruits such as lemon or lime on your skin can repel mosquitoes. The strong scent of citrus fruits such as lemon or lime can mask the smell of your skin, making it difficult for mosquitoes to detect you.
7. Basil
Basil or tulsi contains compounds such as eugenol that repel mosquitoes. A study published in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association found that basil oil effectively repels mosquitoes for up to two hours.
It is important to remember that their effectiveness may vary depending on factors such as the concentration of the active ingredients, the method of application, and individual variations in body chemistry. So, it is essential to follow some preventive measures.
